3. 1. txt) or read online for free. This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and the. Here is a list of some of the calculators in this app: Attenuator Calculators. Abstract: Antenna downtilt is often used in cellularized mobile wireless communications systems to reduce inter-cell interference, particularly in a CDMA-based network where all call traffic in all cell sites is simultaneously supported using the same carrier frequency. However, the radiation in the plane will be very less because of the cancellation in the direction joining the center. NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS. As we can see, most of the works that investigated the effect of the antenna downtilt using field trials or. FLAT EARTH! feet, Antenna Ht. The present disclosure discloses a method for measuring an antenna downtilt based on linear regression fitting, including: performing image instance segmentation on an inputted original antenna image using a deep learning method to obtain a segmented image; performing mask processing on the segmented image; performing mathematically linear. Friis Transmission Calculator. 4 - 4. Antenna downtilt angle. The main beam of the antenna would be at the horizon. txt) or read online for free. Constructing the Collinear Antenna. The omni antenna is usually a vertically polarized antenna, so you cannot have advantages of using cross polarization here to fight interference. 5GNT Toolkit. angles = 1×2 147 287. Here’s some of what’s available that might interest broadcast engineers: antenna downtilt calculator, balanced attenuator calculator, cascaded noise figure calculator, coaxial cable impedance calculator, RF power. Explain math problems Math is a challenging subject for many students, but with practice and. 63. Wire OR cable Voltege drop Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calc. pdf), Text File (. Solve Now. 62 km 5 0. The following article serves to build an understanding about the antenna parameter known as Electrical Tilt. -3 2. Pi Attenuator Calculator. Nyankoye Apollinaire Loua. h3 Ground Elevation at the Cell Edge d1 Distance to the Cell Edge Downtilt Required to Point Antenna Main Beam at Cell Edge Downtilt Angle d1 h2 h1 1000 feet 280 feet 800 feet 2 miles 2. 11 0. Description. During assessment, the proposed method is compared with traditional approaches of estimating cell range. Antenna Coverage. Spagnuolo Domenico Pio. 5 in (60 - 115 mm) OD round members. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Mechanical tilt is used when flexibility in changing the downtilt is desired. PDF Documentation. Fiber calculators and tools. Wide Profile Antenna Downtilt Mounting Kit for 2. txt) or read online for free. 3048 meters , 1. SSB beam using parameters: 4. This 45° dual slant polarized antenna provides a gain of more than 14 dB and has a VSWR of less than 1. Numerically solvable expressions are derived for such optimal antenna downtilt, which is a function of the BS density. Collinear VHF antennas with a 12° beamwidth that are installed in high elevations do not cover nearby low elevations. This also leads to reduction in interference towards other cells. : Lower 3 dB beamwidth horizon Answer 0. The picture shows the development of the 8,65 m long 144-MHz-OWL- Yagi with 14 elements. 23 mi 0. Electrical downtilt is another method for tilting a sector antenna’s vertical pattern without physically tilting the. The vector elements specify the bearing, downtilt, and slant, respectively. Hence,MDT is widely used in TDMA/FDMA (time-division multiplefactor antenna downtilt calculator pasternack vswr calculator reflection coeffecient calculator return rf calculators everything rf pi and tee. Figure-4 depicts difference between mechanical tilt and electrical tilt with respect to radiation pattern. 9. Our numerical results show that after applying the optimal antenna downtilt, the network performance can be significantly improved, and hence the ASE crash can be delayed by nearly one order of magnitude in. Element '38. and Canada (866) 727-8376 International +1 (949) 261-1920An omnidirectional antenna receives or transmits signals in all horizontal directions. In general, there exists a height difference between a BS and a UE in practical networks. Advertisement. 5379074 Corpus ID: 1911641; Comparison of Remote Electrical and Mechanical Antenna Downtilt Performance for 3GPP LTE @article{Yilmaz2009ComparisonOR, title={Comparison of Remote Electrical and Mechanical Antenna Downtilt Performance for 3GPP LTE}, author={Osman N. Enter the Vertical Beamwidth ° (degree). 5") or 140mm (5. Power Density Calculator. Optimum downtilt angles were observed to vary between 3:5--10:5- depending on the network configuration. RF Toolbox is the one and only RF App that you will ever need! Not only does it have a complete suite of RF calculators, but it also has a complement of GPS tools as well as a Sites Database. 60256 deg. Same-day shipping if you order in the next hours!. Coverage Calculator is used to determine the estimate downward angle, measured in degrees, which the transmitting antenna is to be positioned for the best signal strength and coverage. Mechanical Downtilt: This is the fastest and easiest way to control an antenna’s pattern. Conical Horn Antenna Gain Calculator. Result. Save Save Antenna downtilt calculator For Later. Antenna downtilt calculator. To fully understand the results obtained by this calculator, please take a few minutes to read the. 8. The Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator (aka Antenna Tilt Angle Calculator) is used to determine the approximate downward angle, measured in degrees, which the transmitting antenna is to be positioned for optimal signal strength and coverage. An Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator, or Antenna Tilt Calculator, aids the user by providing an approximate downward angle for installing a directional…Mechanical antenna downtilt reduce co-channel interference by confining the signal to its own dominance area [6, 7]. Tilt Calculator Widget. Inputs. In general, the antenna downtilt of the base station (BS) determines the beamforming direction in both. In radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which radiates equal radio power in all directions perpendicular to an axis ( azimuthal directions), with power varying with angle to the axis ( elevation angle ), declining to zero on the axis. Beamwidth angle is measured in plane containing the direction of main lobe of the antenna. S. Inputs. RF calculations and conversions include metric-standard, link. The calculators also calculates the radio horizon. 3. Antenna Design Ysis And Simulation 2017 11 29 Microwave Journal. Antenna Gain; Downtilt in Panel Arrays; Impedance Tuning; Mast or. Formula: Radius=Height/[tan(Downtilt Angle ± Beamwidth/2) * 5280] 866. The Tee attenuator (T-pad) is a specific type of attenuator circuit which resembles the shape of the letter "T". ANTENNA DOWNTILT CALCULATOR 855-276-5772 I kpperformance. Calculations: Antenna Downtilt. 4 miles) Therefore for 1 degree of downtilt, your main beam. Allows Beam Downtilt. 1 nm) in length, so an antenna designed for green light would be only approximately 2500 atoms long. Figure-4 depicts difference between mechanical tilt and electrical tilt with respect to radiation pattern. RE: Down-Tilt vs Semi Directional Antennas. Note: The values indicated above are approximate because of coupling which exists between the antenna and tower transmission line. 0 (2 units) Connector 2 x 4. -177 4. Antenna beam tilting techniques are commonly used to deploy small cells with reduced coverage compared than macrocells. Example Antenna File. SC2340. An Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator, or Antenna Tilt Calculator, aids the user by providing an approximate downward angle for installing a directional…If coverage is needed closer to the tower, antenna height and electrical downtilt can address issues. Step 1. Close Quick ViewHPA-65F-BUU-H2. BSAMNT-1. This radio horizon vs. Open navigation menuDowntilt can be accomplished using the following methods: Mechanical downtilt: This process involves physically adjusting an antenna’s pole-mount brackets, using a digital level set against the back of the antenna to obtain an accurate measurement. Field Analysis Radiation Pattern. This Tool will provide you 5 Items calculation as below: 1. Analog To Digital Converter Battery Charge Discharge and Series / Parallel Capacitor Energy Inductor Design Tool Resistor. Conical Horn Antenna Gain Calculator. You can design standalone antennas and build arrays of antennas using predefined elements with parameterized geometry, arbitrary planar structures, or custom 3D structures described with STL files. Antenna Downtilt Coverage Radius Calculator. Save Save Antenna-downtilt-calculator For Later. Turning the hex socket in a clockwise direction increases the beam downtilt below the horizon. Azimuth values defaults to zero if not specified. It is common to utilize antenna downtilt to adjust the direction of the vertical antenna pattern, and thus increase received signal power or reduce inter-cell interference power to improve network performance. CAPACITY OF WCDMA NETWORK for radio network planners to optimize networks. 3-10 connector which is 40 percent smaller than the 7-16 DIN connector. This is changing now that antennas with adjustable electrical tilt are being introduced. To calculate the power density of an antenna, one must measure the power/square cm, in space, from the center of the antenna. An Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator, or Antenna Tilt Calculator, aids the user by providing an approximate downward angle at which to install a directional antenna to. P. Insyafa Nalapraja. —and calculates both the typical system return loss along with the worst case return loss. Enter the distance between two antennas and their heights to calculate the down tilt. Enter the distance between two antennas and their heights to calculate the down tilt angle. angles = 1×2 60 117. 5:1 you can adjust the decoupling sleeve slightly up or down for the best reading. February 22, 2018 DRAFTWeb-Based RF Calculators From Pasternack Pasternack is known for their wide assortment of RF adapters, attenuators, connectors and cables and has been growing their product line with passive and active components, including 60 GHz microwave systems. G. The tilt angle or distance can be calculated by providing the base antenna height Hb, remote antenna height Hr and either the tilt angle or. Manual Electrical Tilt (MET) Control A colored knob at the end of the tilt indicator allows change of the tilt without need of a tool. This paper has proposed a user-density-based coverage optimization technique for ultra-dense cellular networks. Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator. milli. 4. 23 mi 0. The knob color is identicalDistance from front of antenna to parapet wall or edge of roof : Electrical or Mechanical Downtilt of Antenna (in degrees): Vertical beamwidth of antenna (in degrees): Height of parapet wall (leave blank if none): HEIGHT NEEDED TO CLEAR EDGE: Antenna Placement Distance Calculator 40 feet 4 deg 6 deg 4 feet 8. e. antenna downtilt. * 안테나의 3dB 빔폭 (수직)을 기준으로 커버리지 거리를 계산. The impact of antenna downtilt on the performance of cellular WCDMA network has been studied by using a radio network planning tool. ANTENNA DOWNTILT COVERAGE CALCULATOR. 8376 I pasternack. The pattern displays the directivity or gain of the antenna. The antenna downtilt and coverage calculator (aka antenna tilt angle calculator) is used to determine the approximate downward angle, measured in degrees, which the transmitting antenna is to be positioned for optimal signal strength and coverage. Use the beamwidth function to calculate the beamwidth of the antenna. Inputs. Radiation Resistance Ω. The reference for antenna gain is the (fictional) isotropic radiator, a point source; the power theoretically transferred between two isotropic antennas separated by distance d in free space can be expressed by Pr / Pt = (1 / 4p d ^2) * (l^2 / 4p) = (l / 4pd )^2 where the first factor (1 / 4p d ^2) accounts for dilution of the spatial density. In the toolstrip, under the INPUT section click on the Settings ( icon) to change the azimuth and elevation range values. motorized antenna actuator. Antenna Downtilt Coverage Radius Calculator. com The Antenna downtilt angle calculator calculates distance from tilt angle and tilt angle from horizon distance. 27 mi. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. Find a Partner. The antenna’s “electrical” downtilt is actually accomplishedAntenna weight (kg) 15. 2899x500=28645 feet (5. Line of Sight Calculator. Main site navigation. 2400 = 2. Note: The values indicated above are approximate because of coupling which exists between the antenna and tower transmission line. 9GHz (3. 5 x 52. U. BSAMNT-4. A microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular microwave antennas. While, electrical downtilt uses a phase taper in the antenna array to angle the pattern downwards, that allows the antenna to be mounted. . However, deploying huge number of antennas in both transmitters and receivers was a great challenge in the past few years. Batista, Yuri C. This calculator will help you determine the approximate downward angle (degrees) for a transmitting antenna in order to propagate signals with optimal strength and coverage. In this case, an additional downtilt can lead to a stronger signal in big distance as the side lobes are pointing in this direction. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. When travelling, I am often fascinated by the excessive amount of mechanical downtilt. After entering the heights of the base and remote antennas and the distance between them, the downtilt angle is calculated by finding out the inverse tangent function. Adjusting the antenna's tilt is one of the more important system optimization tasks that is carried out by a specialized team. Turning the hex socket in an anti-clockwise direction decreases the beam downtilt below the horizon. The Antenna Near Field ,Far Field Distance Calculator will calculate the distance of the three main EM (electromagnetic) fields which surround an antenna, as well as estimate the wavelength of the antenna at a given frequency. Our numerical results show that after applying the optimal antenna downtilt, the network performance can be significantly improved, and hence the ASE crash can be delayed by nearly one order of magnitude in terms of the BS density. Moreover, the corresponding downlink capacity gains varied between 0-58%. In this paper, we model a mmWave multicell network with three-dimensional (3D) large-scale antenna arrays, including the path loss and inter-cell interference. IEEE defines it as "The loss between two isotropic radiators in free space, expressed as a power ratio. Abstract: The performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled networks is generally bottlenecked by severe inter-cell interference and limited backhaul connectivity. Therefore, angles of antennas usually refer to azimuth and downtilt angles of directional antennas, as shown in Figure 2-1. 12 0. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Parabolic Reflector Antenna Gain. ) Public Safety Interference Solution Interference between commercial mobile radio services (CMRS) and public safety wireless networks (PSWN) will only get worse with re-farming. 7 dBi and has a front-to-back ratio of more. 12 0. -179 5. Ant. Line of Sight Calculator. An Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator, or Antenna Tilt Calculator, aids the user by providing an approximate downward angle at which to install a. S. Acoustics Unpacked. 3. Antenna Beamwidth Coverage Calculator Emc Directory. 37 km Over Horizon Over Horizon 1 0. Downtilt Angle. Our numerical results show that after applying the optimal antenna downtilt, the network performance can be significantly improved, and hence the ASE crash can be delayed by nearly one order of magnitude in. RF calculations and conversions include metric-standard, link. Helical Antenna Design. 528 insum of downtilt + half the antenna vertical beamwidth plus 3 degrees to allow additional downtilt in the future if necessary 7. Antenna by Communication Components Inc ( 144 more products) Download Datasheet Request Quote. The diameter of the pole is 60 mm to 100 mm. Note: If you select a waveguide size from the dropdown below, the broad wall width will be automatically calculated along with the other results. Antenna Downtilt Coverage Radius Calculator. >>>>> DOWNLOAD: Rectangular patch antenna design calculator Coaxial-fed rectangular patch antenna – Ansys Optics. It should only be used as a guide. 7. Since then, they have been widely used in certain applications such as mobile and satellite communications. Search for: Recent Posts. CommScope offers a comprehensive assortment of remote electrical downtilt (RET) accessories, including actuators, controllers, grounding kits, bias tees, control cables and junction boxes, and Teletilt® RET system components support AISG 1. RF calculations and RF conversions include metric. 2, loss tangent 0. *Results of this calculation are to be used simply. Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. It assumes there is nothing between the radio signals and the antenna horizon. ca Antenna Height: 75ft Antenna Beamwidth: 7° Downtilt (°) Inner Radius (miles/km) Outer Radius (miles/km) 0 0. [1] [2] When graphed in three dimensions (see. These patterns provide system engineers a visual of how a specific antenna radiates. ANS Provider Program. These take effect in case of very high antenna positions and large downtilt values. Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator; Power Added Efficiency Calculator; Balanced Attenuator. **Note: All of our calculators allow SI prefix input. The formula utilized by the Downtilt Calculator is: Downtilt Angle (θ) = arctan((H2 – H1) / D) Where: θ: Represents the downtilt angle in degrees. This antenna tilt angle calculator also provides, given a beamwidth, the inner and outer. Line of Sight Calculator. 12 0. Tags: Bi-Sector, Array. Antenna configuration and characteristics Antenna type 742215. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Frequency. Math can be daunting for some, but with a little practice it can be easy! 2. Calculate the required dimensions for a coaxial collinear antenna construction for any given frequency. Our RF and microwave calculators and converters will provide the figures you need for your radio frequency engineering needs. Whip Antenna Calculator. RF Calculators; Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator; Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. It also mentions formula or equations used in these antenna tilt angle calculators. Wavelength Calculator: Calculate the wavelength of frequency 4. Learn how to plan for antenna downtilt and how to ensure installations are done correctly. 36 GHz, Gain 10 to 14 dBi, Power 300 to 500 W. 11 0. 11 0. Line of Sight Calculator. In order to evaulate the impact on your UHF system you would need as a minimum the following information: Lat & lon of the tower Total height of the tower Is the antenna to be side mounted or top mounted If side mount the azimuth of the antenna Height Above. Kit contains one scissor top bracket set and one bottom bracket set. Pasternack's RF Calculators and Conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. See the quick-reference table below for all compatible SI prefixes. 5 kg 1 (order separately if required) For downtilt mounting use the clamps for an appropriate mast diameter together with the downtilt kit. OUTPUTS: Antenna Elevation Angle= 71. Calculate. 29. 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful. This page was last modified on 11 March 2022, at 12:10. 20 Over Horizon Over Horizon 4 0. 14. : Upper 3 dB beamwidth horizon 14. Antenna Sidelobe Calculator 24-port sector antenna, 4x 694–960 and 4x 1427-2690 MHz 65° HPBW, 8x 2300–2690 and 8x 3300-3800MHz, 90° HPBW, 6x RET. (See "Electrical Downtilt Through Beam Steering Versus Mechanical Downtilt," by G. Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator Pasternack . 23 mi 0. Pasternack's Power Density Calculator is designed to give the power density, in Watts per square meter, at a given distance, output power and antenna gain. Against this backdrop, we analyze the performance of the UAV-enabled heterogeneous networks, where antenna downtilt at each UAV-mounted base station (BS) is employed to mitigate inter. * 각각 네 가지 변수 입력 후 Calculate 클릭. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. 5 in (60 - 115 mm) OD round members. Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) calculations are often used to help predict RF signal strength in an antenna system. com Antenna Height: 75ft Antenna Beamwidth: 7° Downtilt (°) Inner Radius (miles/km) Outer Radius (miles/km) 0 0. The above table shows the inner and outer - 3dB radius for different tower lengths as the total downtilt angle (mechanical + electrical) is increased. 15 0. This particular antenna was designed to be Omnidirectional with a peak gain at 2. Frequency (GHz) Calculate. Tilting antennas is an important concept for applications like cellular and multipoint base stations that require targeting of their transmission to obtain greater control over each antennas coverage area. Antenna Downtilt Calculator. 8. The parabolic reflector antenna gain is calculated as the gain over an isotropic source. The HPA-65R-BUU-H8 from Communication Components Inc. 0 Tutorial Legal disclaimer: This calculator is designed to be an informational and educational tool. Directory 2012. Detailed information about broadcast antenna terms. Click for more. Half power beam width is the angle in. DOI: 10. Antenna Downtilt for WCDMA 817 Utilization of antenna mechanical downtilt has been a tool for radio network planners to optimize networks. The actuator alters the electrical downtilt by adjusting the phase shifter. 738546 1 clamp Mast: 42 – 115 mm diameter 1. Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator Pasternack . Antenna downtilt calculations are necessary in many common applications requiring the use of directional RF antennas including cellular. It should only be used. This radio horizon vs. According to the first knowledge, the second knowledge and the third knowledge, knowledge distillation is performed through a teacher network with larger log-order to train out a lightweight student network, calculation of the. The calculator takes into account the earth’s curvature and effects from refraction in the atmosphere. 15 0. Conical gain horn antennas are used in a variety of applications due to their high power handling capability constant electrical performance across a broad bandwidth. An antenna designed to transmit and detect this light would need to be approximately of length (frac{lambda}{2} approx 250 nm). Whip Antenna Calculator. 17 1. 63. Our RF and microwave calculators and converters will provide the figures you need for your radio frequency engineering needs. Note: If you select a waveguide size from the dropdown below, the broad wall width will be automatically calculated along with the other results. Hear Is All Calculator Names:- Resistor Series / Parallel Capacitor Series / Parallel Inductor Series / Parallel Inductor Color Code Adjustable Voltage Regulator Inductance & Reactance & Admittance Calc. Find a Partner. 18 0. Kit contains one scissor top bracket set and one bottom bracket set. Add to My Products Lists. Parabolic Reflector Antenna Gain. You can search on downtilt calculators to plug in the necessary information to determine where the 3 db points of the pattern intersect with the ground. It also mentions formula or equations used in these antenna tilt angle calculators. It takes earth station longitude and latitude, satellite longitude and delivers antenna azimuth and elevation as outputs. The system will then calculate the distance or the angle for you. pdf), Text File (. Wall. 2009. An Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator, or Antenna Tilt Calculator, aids the user by providing an approximate downward angle for installing a directional…of using antenna downtilt in traditional hexagonal 3D cellular networks in [17]. Enter the transmitted power, cable loss and antenna gain to calculate the EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power). 24 Over Horizon Over Horizon 3 0. ( Codan MT-4 with 30 watt power amp) at 7200' feeding a Sinclair 210C4 antenna with 2 degrees of downtilt. As the gain of a directional antenna increases, the coverage distance increases, but the effective coverage angle decreases. As shown in the figure, mechanical tilt results into pattern blooming while electrical tilt suppresses the pattern bloom. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. Antenna beamwidth is the angular measure of the antenna pattern coverage. antenna elements inside the sector antenna. antenna downtilt. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Wilson, IEEE 07803-0673-2/92, Vehicular Technology Conference 1992. And one of the more important system optimizations task is based on correct adjusting tilts, or the inclination of the antenna in relation to an axis. S. Enter the Height above average terrain Required9 Weight Type No. Besides the downward angle, this tool. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Enter the required frequency in MHz, the velocity factor of the coax. Multiple actuators can be joined together either by daisy-chaining control cables or by using junction boxes. This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and distance between them. Mariam Sow. When the customer adjusts the downtilt of the 3. ft. 17 1. Enter the Height above average terrain RequiredAntenna Downtilt Angle Calculator Antenna Near Field Distance Calculator Line of Sight Calculator; Popular Calculators dBm to Watts Calculator Watts to dBm Calculator Patch Antenna Calculator RF Attenuator Calculator VSWR Calculator Radar Range Calculator; Advertisement. The Antenna Downtilt Calculator should work well for very short links, but. Description Remarks Units per antenna approx. Formula for Antenna Downtilt Angle Calculator. : Radio Horizon Answer 0. Figure 4: Antenna Polarization. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Three of the most common vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas are the half wavelength dipole, the quarter wavelength ground plane, and the collinear array. Our RF and microwave calculators and converters will provide the figures you need for your radio frequency engineering needs. There are two antenna types by directionality: omnidirectional and directional antennas. 37 km Over Horizon Over Horizon 1 0. 0°The calculator is a spreadsheet that accepts VSWR specifications for all the components in your RF Path—tower mounted amplifiers, diplexers, bias tees, etc. The array has 64 antenna elements arranged in 8-by-8 configuration and is used as a 5G mobile base station antenna at 28 GHz. Antenna Downtilt After you enter your parameters (such as access points, antennas, cables, etc. Reset. ft. Numerical results validate our analysis and show the effectiveness of antenna downtilt and the TUAV-enabled backhaul connectivity. The polar plot in Figure 5 illustrates the effect phase shifting has on the direction of the main lobe. This vertically polarized antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a 3 dB vertical beamwidth of 72°. BSAMNT-1. 5 in (60 - 115 mm) OD round members. Antenna Downtilt Coverage Calculator. This radio horizon vs. RF calculations and RF conversions include metric-standard, link budget, coax cable, power, attenuation, frequency and many more. RF Amplifier PAE, Twin wire line impedance calculator,ADC SINAD to ENOB and SNR to resolution converter, Antenna downtilt angle calculator etc. 63 mi 2.